Guru Teg Bahadur is also known as Hind Di Chadder Protector of India. He was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India in 1621 and was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru. He became the 9th Guru of Sikhs on 16 April 1664, a position earlier occupied by his grand-nephew, Guru Har Krishan.

He had travelled in different parts of the country, including Dhaka and Assam, to preach the teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Sikh guru. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for resisting the forced conversions of Hindus in Kashmir.

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The Shivaji birth anniversary is held on February 19 is a Maharashtrian festival and the state observes a public holiday.

Shivaji Maharaj was named after the native Goddess Shivai, who had granted his mother’s Jijabai wish for a son. The founder of the Maratha state, Shivaji is recognised for his administration, courage, and combat skills.

Mahatma Jyotirao Phule established Shivaji Jayanti in 1870. The Shivaji Maharaj tomb was discovered by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule in Raigad, around 100 kilometres from Pune. The first Shivaji Jayanti celebrations were held in Pune.

Later renowned freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak was instrumental in popularising the festival all the more by promoting it and also highlighting Shivaji Maharaj’s achievements to the general public.

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